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Opening doors: access to early childhood services for families impacted by poverty in the UK

Research and recommendations for Government

Publication date December 2024

In the UK, more than a third of children in families with a child aged under 5 are living in poverty.1 Growing up in poverty can affect early childhood development, education and future life chances.

Evidence shows that early childhood services play an important role in mitigating the impact of poverty on young children.2 However, our research with UNICEF UK finds that families on low incomes face multiple barriers to accessing these services.

Our report refers to ‘low income’ as relative poverty which is defined as below 60% of the median income. It defines ‘young children’ as children from age 0 to 5 years and ‘early childhood services’ as maternity, health visiting and integrated services, such as children’s centres and family hubs.

Findings and recommendations in the report are drawn from:

  • a wide-ranging rapid review of existing evidence
  • semi-structured online interviews with 12 early childhood service professionals
  • four UK-wide focus groups totalling 30 parents and carers from areas of high deprivation
  • an online survey of 2,892 UK parents and carers of children aged 0-4, facilitated by YouGov and commissioned by UNICEF UK.


Authors: Vicky Nevin, NSPCC and Rebecca Jacques, UNICEF UK.

References

Department for Work and Pensions (2024) Households below average income: for financial years ending 1995 to 2023 [Accessed 03/12/2024].
(2024) See the Background and context section of the Opening doors report for more detail and references
Opening doors: Access to early childhood services for families impacted by poverty in the UK
Download the report (PDF)

Key findings

The parent-professional relationship is fundamental to whether babies and young children in low-income households access support

Professionals and services can build trusted relationships with parents by:

  • tailoring support and advice to meet a family’s needs; providing regular contact and support
  • delivering continuity of care, where families receive support from the same professional
  • discussing the impact financial difficulties have on meeting young children’s needs in a supportive and non-judgemental way

Hard to reach early childhood services create barriers to access and engagement for families

Services can reduce barriers and encourage engagement by:

  • offering flexibility in appointment times and types; communicating information verbally
  • seeking the views of families when designing services so that they work for everyone; delivering proactive and sustained outreach to families
  • and providing inclusive and culturally safe services.

Systemic barriers must be urgently addressed to provide quality joined-up services for every baby

Investment and systemic reforms are needed to help professionals to consistently deliver high quality care. Interagency collaboration and co-located services can help families facing multiple disadvantages to receive the support they need.

Recommendations for Government

  •  The UK-wide Child Poverty Strategy should set measurable goals to improve access to early childhood services for families on low incomes.
  • The UK Government’s Mission Delivery Boards on both Health and Opportunities should set measurable and aligned goals to improve outcomes for babies and young children in low income households by 2030.
  • The UK Government should design and implement a clear plan to rebuild and reform early childhood services.
  • The UK Government should ensure that early childhood services act as a gateway to support and advice for families experiencing poverty.
“It’s so overwhelming and I haven’t got much food, I haven’t got enough for the kids, but then if someone supports you and points you in the right direction […] that’s amazing, they’re doing the right thing.”

Mother, Wales

Citation

Please cite as: Nevin, V. and Jacques, R. (2024) Opening doors: access to early childhood services for families impacted by poverty in the UK. London: NSPCC.