Most of the bruises, fractures and burns that children experience are caused by accidents. But sometimes bruises, fractures and burns can be indicators of physical abuse. Bite marks are always inflicted, but they may or may not be a sign of abuse.
Potential signs of abuse differ depending on the child and their age and stage of development.
Bruises, fractures, burns and bites should always be considered in the context of the child’s medical and social history, developmental stage and the explanation given for the injury.
If you think a child is in immediate danger, contact the police on 999. If you’re concerned about a child but they are not in immediate danger, you should record and report your concerns.
Bruises on babies, infants and children
Bruises don’t necessarily indicate physical abuse. However, bruises are the most common injury to a child who has been physically abused.
As children become mobile, starting to crawl, shuffle, roll over and move around independently, they are more likely to get bruises from their everyday activities – although some injuries are more likely to indicate physical abuse.
Bruising in a baby or infant who isn’t crawling or independently mobile is very unusual. Babies and young children are particularly vulnerable to serious injury from physical abuse.